What are nodes and antinodes in standing waves?

In the context of standing waves, nodes and antinodes play critical roles in understanding wave behavior. Nodes are defined as the specific points along the wave where there is no displacement of the medium; in other words, the medium remains stationary at these points, resulting from the destructive interference of two waves traveling in opposite directions. Conversely, antinodes are the points of maximum displacement, where the medium moves the farthest from its rest position. These points occur due to constructive interference and represent the locations in the wave where energy and motion are greatest.

This distinction between nodes and antinodes is essential for analyzing standing waves in various physical systems, such as strings and air columns. Understanding these concepts can aid in comprehending phenomena such as resonance, harmonics, and the behaviors of musical instruments. The other options do not accurately capture the definitions and significance of nodes and antinodes in the context of standing waves.