What does resonance refer to in wave physics?

Resonance in wave physics is defined as the phenomenon that occurs when the frequency of an applied force matches the natural frequency of a system. When this matching happens, the system can absorb energy efficiently at that frequency, leading to a significant increase in amplitude. This is commonly observed in various systems, such as musical instruments, where specific frequencies result in increased sound levels, or in mechanical systems, where structures can vibrate at certain frequencies due to external forces.

The essence of resonance lies in this relationship between the applied frequency and the natural frequency, resulting in heightened oscillation effects. This concept is fundamental in understanding various physical systems and their responses to external influences, which is why recognizing the matching of frequencies is critical when studying wave phenomena.