What is the phenomenon called when oscillation occurs at the same frequency as a system’s natural frequency?

Resonance is the phenomenon that occurs when a system oscillates at its natural frequency in response to an external force that is applied at the same frequency. Every system that can oscillate has a natural frequency or frequencies determined by its physical properties such as mass and stiffness. When the frequency of the external driving force matches this natural frequency, the amplitude of the oscillations can increase significantly, leading to large and potentially destructive motions. This effect can be observed in various contexts, such as in musical instruments, bridges, and even in the design of buildings to withstand earthquakes. The energized oscillations create a state where the system is in sync with the frequency of the external influence, resulting in a dramatic increase in energy within the system. Resonance is a critical concept not only in physics but also in engineering and a variety of applications where oscillatory systems are present.