What principle underlies sonar technology?

Sonar technology operates on the fundamental principle of emitting sound waves and then analyzing the echoes that return after bouncing off objects underwater. This method allows for the detection and mapping of underwater features such as the ocean floor, as well as identifying and tracking marine life or submerged objects.

When a sonar system sends out a pulse of sound, the time taken for the echo to return is measured, enabling the calculation of distance based on the speed of sound in water. This ability to send out sound waves and interpret their reflections distinguishes sonar from other technologies that might rely on different types of waves or particles, such as electromagnetic waves or light.