What term describes the time required for one complete cycle of a wave?

The term that describes the time required for one complete cycle of a wave is the period. The period is defined as the duration of time it takes for a wave to progress from one point in its cycle, through a complete cycle, and back to the same point. In simpler terms, if you were to observe a wave, the period is the time it takes for one full oscillation or vibration to occur.

Understanding the period is crucial as it directly relates to how we measure wave behavior in various contexts, such as sound waves and electromagnetic waves. The longer the period, the lower the frequency, which is the number of cycles per unit of time. Thus, by knowing the period, one can calculate the frequency and vice versa, as they are mathematically interconnected (frequency is the reciprocal of the period).

The other options represent different characteristics of waves: amplitude refers to the maximum displacement from the rest position, wavelength is the distance between two successive points in phase on the wave, and frequency is the number of cycles that occur in one second. Each term describes a unique aspect of wave behavior, but when focusing specifically on the time required for one complete cycle, period is the correct descriptor.