What type of wave is a sound wave classified as?

Sound waves are classified as longitudinal waves because they consist of oscillations of particles that move parallel to the direction of the wave's travel. In a longitudinal wave, such as a sound wave, areas of compression and rarefaction are created as the medium (like air, water, or solids) transmits the sound energy. This means that as one area of the medium is pushed together, another area is spread out, creating regions of high and low pressure that propagate through the medium as the wave travels.

This classification highlights the unique properties of sound as it relies on the medium's particles to convey the wave, contrasting with transverse waves, where the motion of the particles is perpendicular to the direction of wave travel. Electromagnetic waves and surface waves have different characteristics and behaviors, further defining why sound specifically fits the category of longitudinal waves.