Which of the following statements about wave interference is true?

The correct statement about wave interference is that destructive interference can cancel out waves completely. This phenomenon occurs when two waves meet in such a way that the crest of one wave aligns with the trough of another. When this alignment happens, the amplitudes of the waves essentially subtract from each other, which can lead to a situation where the overall amplitude is reduced to zero. This means the waves can completely cancel each other out at certain points, resulting in no displacement at those locations.

In contrast, destructive interference typically does not amplify waves; instead, it minimizes or nullifies their effects in certain regions. Understanding this concept is crucial in fields such as acoustics and optics, where wave behavior plays a significant role in the functioning of various systems.

The other statements do not accurately represent the principles of wave interference. For instance, constructive interference occurs when waves are in phase, meaning their crests and troughs align to enhance overall amplitude. Additionally, interference does affect wave energy; the energy of the resultant wave can vary depending on whether the interference is constructive or destructive.