Which property of waves does amplitude affect?

Amplitude is a critical property of waves that influences the loudness of sound produced by sound waves. When discussing sound waves, the amplitude refers to the maximum displacement of the particles in the medium through which the wave travels. A greater amplitude results in a more significant energy transfer, which translates to a louder sound. Essentially, as the amplitude increases, the sound is perceived as louder to the listener.

In contrast, while options regarding speed, frequency, and color pertain to different characteristics of waves, they are not influenced directly by amplitude. The speed of a wave is determined by the medium through which it travels, while frequency is related to the number of wave cycles that pass a given point in a specific time frame. Color, specifically in the context of light waves, is determined by the wavelength, not amplitude. Thus, the influence of amplitude is clearly seen in its direct relationship with the loudness of sound produced.